Vapreotide (RC‑160) is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide somatostatin analogue. It is a high-affinity agonist for somatostatin receptors SSTR2 and SSTR5.
It suppresses the secretion of multiple hormones including growth hormone, insulin, glucagon and gastrin. It reduces splanchnic blood flow and portal venous pressure, which makes it clinically used for acute esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. It is also applied to treat AIDS‑related diarrhoea.
Additionally, vapreotide shows antiproliferative effects on many SSTR‑positive tumour cells by inhibiting growth factor release and directly blocking tumour cell proliferation. It also acts as an NK1 receptor antagonist and presents analgesic properties.
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